The Poultry Protein & Fat Council was established in 1989 by quality poultry byproduct renderers to
promote research and use of this valuable feed ingredient.

 

Numeric Listing of Literature Papers

 
Folder File Article
     
1 1 Steffens, W., 1994. Replacing fish meal with poultry by-product meal in diets for rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Aquaculture 124:27-34. 
1 2 Gaylord, T. G., and D. M. Gatlin, III, 1996. Determination of digestibility coefficients of various feedstuffs for red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus). Aquaculture 139:303-314. 
1 3 Kureshy, N., D. A. Davis, and C. R. Arnold, 2000. Partial replacement of fish meal with meat-and-bone meal, flash-dried poultry by-product meal, and enzyme-digested poultry by-product meal in practical diets for juvenile red drum. N. Am. J. Aquac. 62:266-272. 
1 4 Riche, M., and P. B. Brown, 1996. Availability of phosphorus from feedstuffs fed to rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Aquaculture 142:269-282. 
1 5 Webster, C. D., K. R. Thompson, A. M. Morgan, E. J. Grisby, and A. L. Gannam, 2000. Use of hempseed meal, poultry by-product meal, and canola meal in practical diets without fish meal for sunshine bass (Morone chrysops x M. saxatilis). Aquaculture 188:299-309. 
1 6 Bureau, D. P., A. M. Harris, and C. Y. Cho, 1999. Apparent digestibility of rendered animal protein ingredients for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquaculture 180:345-358. 
1 7 Nengas, I., M. N. Alexis, and S. J. Davies, 1999. High inclusion levels of poultry meals and related byproducts in dies for gilthead seabream Sparus aurata L. Aquaculture 179:13-23.
1 8 Dong, F. M., W. T. Fairgrieve, D. I. Skonberg, and B. A. Rasco, 1993. Preparation and nutrient analyses of lactic acid bacterial ensiled salmon viscera. Aquaculture 109:351-366. 
1 9 Hajen, W. E., D. A. Higgs, R. M. Beames and B. S. Dosanjh, 1993. Digestibility of various feedstuffs by post-juvenile chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in sea water. 2. Measurement of digestibility. Aquaculture 112:333-348. 
1 10 Dong, F. M., R. W. Hardy, N. F. Haard, F. T. Barrows, B. A. Rasco, W. T. Fairgrieve, and I.  P. Forster, 1993. Chemical composition and protein digestibility of poultry by-product meals for salmonid diets. Aquaculture 116:149-158. 
1 11 Bohnert, D. W., B. T. Larson, M. L. Bauer, A. F. Branco, K. R. McLeod, D. L. Harmon, and G. E. Mitchell, Jr., 1999. Nutritional evaluation of poultry by-product meal as a protein source for ruminants: Small intestinal amino acid flow and disappearance in steers. J. Anim. Sci 17:1000-1007. 
1 12 Wang, L., R. A. Flores, and L. A. Johnson, 1997. Processing feed ingredients from blends of soybean meal, whole blood, and red blood cells. Trans. Am. Soc. Agric. Eng. 40(3):691-697.
1 13 Klemesrud, M. J., T. J. Klopfenstein, A. J. Lewis, D. H. Shain, and D. W. Herold, 1997. Limiting amino acids in meat and bone and poultry by-product meals. J. Anim. Sci. 75:3294-3300.
1 14 Hasan, M. R., M. S. Hag, P. M. Das, and G. Mowlah, 1997. Evaluation of poultry-feather meal as a dietary protein source for Indian major carp, Labeo rohita fry. Aquaculture 151:47-54.
1 15 Schuhmacher, A., C. Wax, and J. M. Gropp, 1997. Plasma amino acids in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed intact protein or a crystalline amino acid diet. Aquaculture 151:15-28. 
1 16 Bohnert, D. W., B. T. Larson, M. L. Bauer, A. F. Branco, K. R. McLeod, D. L. Harmon, and G. E. Mitchell, Jr., 1998. Nutritional evaluation of poultry by-product meal as a protein source for ruminants: Effects on performance and nutrient flow and disappearance in steers. J. Anim. Sci. 76:2474-2484. 
1 17 Klemesrud, M. J., T. J. Klopfenstein, and A. J. Lewis, 1998. Complementary responses between feather meal and poultry by-product meal with or without ruminally protected methionine and lysine in growing calves. J. Anim. Sci. 76:1970-1975. 
1 18 Murray, S. M., A. R. Patil, G. C. Fahey, Jr., N. R. Merchen, and D. M. Hughes, 1997. Raw and rendered animal by-products as ingredients in dog diets. J. Anim. Sci. 75:2497-2505. 
1 19 Park, S. K., D. H. Bae, and N. S. Hettiarachchy, 2000. Protein concentrate and adhesives from meat and bone meal. J. Amer. Oil Chem Soc. 77:1223-1227. 
1 20 Kim, C.-H., J.-J. Choung, and D. G. Chamberlain, 2000. Variability in the ranking of the three most-limiting amino acids for milk protein production in dairy cows consuming grass silage and a cereal-based supplement containing feather meal. J. Sci. Food Agric.y80:1386-1392. 
1 21 Kim, C.-H., J.-J. Choung, and D. G. Chamberlain, 1999. Determination of the first-limiting amino acid for milk production in dairy cows consuming a diet of grass silage and a cereal-based supplement containing feather meal. J. Sci. Food Agric. 79:1703-1708. 
1 22 Ferrer, A., F. M. Byers, B. Sulbaràn de Ferrer, B. E. Dale, and S. S. Ricke, 1999. Increasing nutrient availability of feather meal for ruminants and non-ruminants using an ammonia pressurisationdepressurisation process. J. Sci. Food Agric. 79:828-832. 
1 23 Onifade, A. A., N. A. Al-Sane, A. A. Al-Musallam, and S. Al-Zarban, 1998. A review: Potentials for biotechnological applications of keratin-degrading microorganisms and their enzymes for nutritional improvement of feathers and other keratins as livestock feed resources. Resource Technology 66:1-11. 
1 24 Fagbenro, O. A., and O. A. Bello-Olusoji, 1997. Preparation, nutrient composition and digestibility of fermented shrimp head silage. Food Chemistry 60:489-493. 
1 25 Bishop, C. D., R. A. Angus, and S. A. Watts, 1995. The use of feather meal as a replacement for fish meal in the diet of Oreochromis niloticus fry. Bioresource Technol. 54:291-295. 
1 26 Choung, J.-J., and D. G. Chamberlain, 1995. The effects of intravenous supplements of amino acids on the milk production of dairy cows consuming grass silage and a supplement containing feather meal. J. Sci. Food Agric. 68:265-270. 
1 27 Fagbenro, O., and K. Jauncey, 1995. Growth and protein utilization by juvenile catfish (Clarias garienpinus) fed dry diets containing co-dried lactin-acid-fermented fish-silage and protein feedstuffs. Bioresource Technology 51:29-35. 
1 28 Fischer, K., P. Riemschneider, D. Bienick, and A. Kettrup, 1994. Food engineering residues: amino acid composition of hydrolysates and application for the decontamination of metal polluted soils. Fresenius J. Anal. Chem. 350:520-527. 
1 29 Chamberlain, D. G., J.-J. Choung, and S. Robertson, 1992. Protein nutrition of dairy cows receiving grass silage diets: Effects of feeding a protein supplement of unbalanced amino acid composition. J. Sci. Food Agric. 60:425-430. 
2 30 Kersey, J. H., and P. W. Waldroup, 1998. Utilization of spent hen meal in diets for broiler chickens. Poultry Sci. 77:1377-1387. 
2 31 Lilburn, M. S., G. W. Barbour, R. Nemasetoni, C. Coy, M. Werling, and A. G. Yersini, 1997. Protein quality and calcium availability from extruded and autoclaved turkey hatchery residue. Poultry Sci. 76:841-848. 
2 32 Deshmukh, A. C., and P. H. Patterson, 1997. Preservation of hatchery waste by lactic acid fermentation. 2. Large-scale fermentation and feeding trial to evaluate feeding value. Poultry Sci. 76:1220-1226. 
2 33 Barbour, G. W., and R. Nemasetoni, M. S. Lilburn, M. Werling, and A. G. Yersin, 1995. The effect of enzyme predigestion on the quality of poultry by-product meal from whole turkey mortality. Poultry Sci. 74:1180-1190. 
2 34 Aoyagi, S., D. H. Baker, and K. J. Wedekind, 1993. Estimates of copper bioavailability from liver of different animal species and from feed ingredients derived from plants and animals. Poultry Sci. 72:1746-1755. 
2 35 Blake, J. P., and J. O. Donald, 1992. Alternatives for the disposal of poultry carcasses. Poultry Sci. 71:1130-1135. 
2 36 Waibel, P. E., C. W. Carlson, J. A. Brannon, and S. L. Noll, 1998. Use of alternative protein sources on a true available amino acid basis for growing turkeys. J. Appl. Poultry Res. 7:1-18.
2 37 Kersey, J. H., C. M. Parsons, N. M. Dale, J. E. Marr, and P. W. Waldroup, 1997. Nutrient composition of spent hen meals produced by rendering. J. Appl. Poultry Res. 6:319-324.
2 38 Boling, S. D., and J. D. Firman, 1997. Rendered by-products as soybean meal replacement in turkey rations. J. Appl. Poultry Res. 6:210-215. 
2 39 Langar, H., J. Guillaume, R. Metailler, and B. Fauconneau, 1993. Augmentation of protein synthesis and degradation by poor dietary amino acid balance in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). J. Nutr. 123:1754-1761. 
2 40 Koelkebeck, K. W., C. M. Parsons, M. W. Douglas, R. W. Leeper, S. Jin, X. Wang, Y. Zhang, and S. Fernandez, 2001. Early postmolt performance of laying hens fed a low-protein corn molt diet supplemented with spent hen meal. Poultry Sci. 80:353-357. 
2 41 Moritz, J. S., and J. D. Latshaw, 2001. Indicators of nutritional value of hydrolyzed feather meal. Poultry Sci. 80:79-86. 
2 42 Shirley, R. B., and C. M. Parsons, 2000. Effect of pressure processing on amino acid digestibility of meat and bone meal for poultry. Poultry Sci. 79:1775-1781. 
2 43 Kim, W. K., and P. H. Patterson, 2000. Recycling dead hens by enzyme or sodium hydroxide pretreatment and fermentation. Poultry Sci. 79:879-885. 
2 44 Koelkebeck, K. W., C. M. Parsons, R. W. Leeper, S. Jin, and M. W. Douglas, 1999. Early postmolt performance of laying hens fed a low-protein corn molt diet supplemented with corn gluten meal, feather meal, methionine, and lysine. Poultry Sci. 78:1132-1137. 
2 45 Mendes, A. A., S. E. Watkins, J. A. England, E. A. Saleh, A. L. Waldroup, and P. W. Waldroup, 1997. Influence of dietary lysine levels and arginine:lysine ratios on performance of broilers exposed to heat or cold stress during the period of three to six weeks of age. Poultry Sci. 76:472-481. 
2 46 Wang, X., and C. M. Parsons, 1997. Effect of processing systems on protein quality of feather meals and hog hair meals. Poultry Sci. 76:491-496. 
2 47 Han, Y., and D. H. Baker, 1994. Digestible lysine requirement of male and female broiler chicks during the period three to six weeks posthatching. Poultry Sci. 73:1739-1745. 
2 48 Shih, J.C.H., 1993. Recent development in poultry waste digestion and feather utilization - a review. Poultry Sci. 72:1617-1620. 
2 49 Han, Y., and D. H. Baker, 1993. Effects of sex, heat stress, body weight, and genetic strain on the dietary lysine requirement of broiler chicks. Poultry Sci. 72:701-708. 
2 50 Jackson, N., and R. B. Fulton, 1971. Composition of feather and offal meal and its value as a protein supplement in the diet of broilers. J. Sci. Fd Agric. 22:38-42. 
2 50 Skinner, J. T., A. L. Waldroup, and P. W. Waldroup, 1992a. Effects of amino acid level and duration of finisher period on performance and carcass content of broilers forty-nine days of age. Poultry Sci. 71:1207-1214. 
2 51 Jackson, N., 1971. Composition of feather and offal meal and its value as a protein supplement in the diet of caged laying hens. J. Sci. Fd Agric. 22:43-46. 
2 51 Skinner, J. T., A. L. Waldroup, and P. W. Waldroup, 1992b. Effects of protein and amino acid level fed zero to forty-two days on response of broilers to protein and amino acid levels fed forty-two to forty-nine days of age. Poultry Sci. 71:1364-1373. 
3 52 Xue, M., and Y. Ciu, 2001. Effect of feeding stimulants on diet preference by juvenile gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio), fed diets with or without partial replacement of fish meal by meat and bone meal. Aquaculture 198:281-292. 
3 53 Middleton, T.F., P.R. Ferket, L. C. Boyd, H. V. Daniels, and M.L. Gallagher, 2001. An evaluation of co-extruded poultry silage and culled jewel sweet potatoes as a feed ingredient for hybrid Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus x O. mossambicus). Aquaculture 198:269-280. 
3 54 de M. Marichl, M., M. Carriquiry, R. Pereda, and R. San Martin, 2000. Protein degradability and intestinal digestibility of blood meals: comparison of two processing methods. Animal Feed Sci. Technol. 88:91-101. 
3 55 Howie, S. A., S. Calsamiglia, and M. D. Stern, 1996. Variation in ruminal degradation and intestinal digestion of animal byproduct proteins. Animal Feed Sci. Technol. 63:1-7. 
3 56 Santos, R.M.D.B., A.A.P. Firmino, C.M. de Sa, and C. R. Felix, 1996. Keratinolytic activity of Aspergillus fumigatus fresenius. Current Microbiol. 33:364-370. 
3 57 Schingoethe, D. J., 1996. Dietary influence on protein level in milk and milk yield in dairy cows. Animal Feed Sci. Technol. 60:181-190. 
3 58 Chiba, L. I., H. W. Ivey, K. A. Cummins, and B. E. Gamble, 1996. Hydrolyzed feather meal as a source of amino acids for finisher pigs. Animal Feed Sci. Technol. 57:15-24. 
3 59 Chiou, P. W-S., K-J. Chen, K-S. Ku, J-C. Hsu, and B. Yu, 1995. Studies on the protein degradabilities of feedstuffs in Taiwan. Animal Feed Sci. Technol. 55:215-226. 
3 60 Chiba, L. I., H. W. Ivey, K. A. Cummins, and B. E. Gamble, 1995. Effects of hydrolyzed feather meal as a source of extra dietary nitrogen on growth performance and carcass traits of finisher pigs. Animal Feed Sci. Technol. 53:1-16. 
3 61 Schilman, P. E., J. A. Nunez, and C. R. Lazzari, 1996. Attributes of oviposition substrates affect fecundity in Rhodnius prolixus. J. Insect Physiol. 42:837-841. 
3 62 Bielorai, R., B. Josif, H. Neumark, and E. Alumnot, 1982. Low nutritional value of feather-meal protein for chicks. J. Nutr. 112:249-254. 
3 63 McGoogan, B. B., and R. C. Reigh, 1996. Apparent digestibility of selected ingredients in red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) diets. Aquaculture 141:233-244. 
3 64 Kikuchi, K., T. Sato, T. Furuta, I. Sakaguchi, and Y. Deguchi, 1997. Use of meat and bone meal as a protein source in the diet of juvenile Japanese flounder. Fisheries Sci. 63:29-32. 
3 65 Julian, R. J., L. J. Caston, S. M. Mirsalimi, and Steve Leeson, 1992. Effect of poultry by-product meal on pulmonary hypertension, right ventricular failure and ascites in broiler chickens. Can. Vet. J. 33:382-385. 
3 66 Hadas, A., and L. Kautsky, 1994. Feather meal, a semi-slow-release nitrogen fertilizer for organic farming. Fertilizer Research 38:165-170. 
3 67 Lallo, C.H.O., and G. W. Garcia, 1994. Poultry by-product meal as a substitute for soybean meal in the diets of growing hair sheep lambs fed whole chopped sugarcane. Small Ruminant Research 14:107-114. 
3 68 Awonorin, S. O., F. O. Bamiro, J. A. Ayoade, and L. O. Oyewole, 1995. Relationship of rendering process temperature and time to selected quality parameters of poultry by-product meal. Food Science and Technology 28:129-134. 
3 69 Fagbenro, O. A., 1996. Apparent digestibility of crude protein and gross energy in some plant and animal-based feedstuffs by Clarias isheriensis (Siluriformes: Clariidae) (Sydenham 1980). J. Appl. Ichthyol. 12:67-68. 
3 70 Wang, X., and C. M. Parsons, 1998. Order of amino acid limitation in poultry by-product meal. British Poultry Sci. 39:113-116. 
4 71 Southern, L. L., F. M. LeMieux, J. O. Matthews, T. D. Bidner, and T. A. Knowles, 2000. Effect of feather meal as a source of valine for lactating sows. J. Anim. Sci. 78:120-123. 
4 72 Klemesrud, M. J., T. J. Klopfenstein, and A. J. Lewis, 2000. Metabolizable methionine and lysine requirements of growing cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 78:199-206. 
4 73 Klemesrud, M. J., T. J. Klopfenstein, and A. J. Lewis, 2000. Evaluation of feather meal as a source of sulfur amino acids for growing steers. J. Anim. Sci. 78:207-215. 
4 74 Bielorai, R., Z. Harduf, B. Iosif, and E. Alumot, 1983. Apparent amino acid absorption from feather meal by chicks. Br. J. Nutr. 49:395-399. 
4 75 Robaina, L., F. J. Moyano, M. S. Izquierdo, J. Socorro, J. M. Vergara, and D. Montero, 1997. Corn gluten and meat and bone meals as protein sources in diets for gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata): Nutritional and histological implications. Aquaculture 157:347-359. 
4 76 Knaus, W. F., D. H. Beermann, T. F. Robinson, D. G. Fox, and K. D. Finnerty, 1998. Effects of a dietary mixture of meat and bone meal, feather meal, blood meal, and fish meal on nitrogen utilization in finishing Holstein steers. J. Anim. Sci. 76:1481-1487. 
4 77 Johnson, M. L., C. M. Parsons, G. C. Fahey, Jr., N. R. Merchen, and C. G. Aldrich, 1998. Effects of species raw material source, ash content, and processing temperature on amino acid digestibility of animal by-product meals by cecectomized roosters and ileally annulated dogs. J. Anim. Sci. 76:1112-1122. 
4 78 Papadopoulos, M. C., A. R. El Boushy, A. E. Roodbeen, and E. H. Ketelaars, 1986. Effects of processing time and moisture content on amino acid composition and nitrogen characteristics of feather meal. Anim. Fd Sci. Technol. 14:279-290. 
4 79 Klemesrud, M. J., T. J. Klopfenstein, and A. J. Lewis, 1997. Addition of ruminal escape methionine and lysine to meat and bone meal. J. Anim. Sci. 75:3301-3306. 
4 80 Nelson, M. L., 1997. Escape protein supplementation of steers fed grass silage-based diets. J. Anim. Sci. 75:2796-2802. 
4 81 Brown, W. F., and F. M. Pate, 1997. Cottonseed meal or feather meal supplementation of ammoniated tropical grass hat for yearling cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 75:1666-1673. 
4 82 Calsamiglia, S., M. D. Stern, and J. L. Firkins, 1996. Comparison of nitrogen-15 and purines as microbial markers in continuous culture. J. Anim. Sci. 74:1375-1381. 
4 83 Soder, K. J., V. M. Thomas, R. W. Kott, P. G. Hatfield, and B. Olson, 1995. Influence of energy or protein supplementation during midpregnancy on forage intake of ewes grazing Montana winter range. J. Anim. Sci. 73:2853-2859. 
4 84 Pate, F. M., W. F. Brown, and A. C. Hammond, 1995. Value of feather meal in a molasses-based liquid supplement fed to yearling cattle consuming a forage diet. J. Anim. Sci. 73:2865-2872. 
4 85 Stateler, D. A., W. E. Kunkle, and A. C. Hammond, 1995. Effect of protein level and source in molasses slurries on the performance of growing cattle fed hay during winter. J. Anim. Sci. 73:3078-3084. 
4 86 Phillips, W. A., G. W. Horn, and M. E. Smith, 1995. Effect of protein supplementation on forage intake and nitrogen balance of lambs fed freshly harvested wheat forage. J. Anim. Sci. 73:2687-2693. 
4 87 Calsamiglia, S., and M. D. Stern, 1995. A three-step in vitro procedure for estimating intestinal digestion of protein in ruminants. J. Anim. Sci. 73:1459-1465. 
4 88 Calsamiglia, S., M. D. Stern, and J. L. Firkins, 1995. Effects of protein source on nitrogen metabolism in continuous culture and intestinal digestion in vitro. J. Anim. Sci. 73:1819-1827.
4 89 Aoyagi, S., K. M. Hiney, and D. H. Baker, 1995. Copper availability in pork liver and in various animal by-products as determined by chick bioassay. J. Anim. Sci. 73:799-804. 
4 90 Thomas, V. M., C. K. Clark, and C. M. Schuldt, 1994. Effects of substituting feather meal for soybean meal on ruminal fiber fermentation and lamb and wool growth. J. Anim. Sci. 72:509-514. 
4 91 Nakamura, T., T. J. Klopfenstein, D. J. Gibb, and R. A. Britton, 1994. Growth efficiency and digestibility of heated protein fed to growing ruminants. J. Anim. Sci. 72:774-782. 
4 92 Wilkerson, V. A., T. J. Klopfenstein, R. A. Britton, R. A. Stock, and P. S. Miller, 1993. Metabolizable protein and amino acid requirements of growing cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 71:2777-2784. 
4 93 Rodriguez-Serna, M., M. A. Olvera-Novoa and C. Carmona-Osalde, 1996. Nutritional value of animal by-product meal in practical diets for Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (L.) fry. Aquaculture Res. 27:67-73. 
4 94 Zinn, R. A., and F. N. Owens, 1993. Ruminal escape protein for lightweight feedlot calves. J. Anim. Sci. 71:1677-1687. 
4 95 Sindt, M. H., R. A. Stock, T. J. Klopfenstein, and D. H. Shain, 1993. Effect of protein source and grain type on finishing calf performance and ruminal metabolism. J. Anim. Sci. 71:1047-1056. 
4 96 Han, Y., T. K. Chung, and D. H. Baker, 1993. Tryptophan requirement of pigs in the weight category 10 to 20 kilograms. J. Anim. Sci. 71:139-143. 
4 97 Sindt, M. H., R. A. Stock, T. J. Klopfenstein, and B. A. Vieselmeyer, 1993. Protein sources for finishing calves as affected by management system. J. Anim. Sci. 71:740-752. 
4 98 Gibb, D. J., T. J. Klopfenstein, and M. H. Sindt, 1992. Combinations of rendered protein meals for growing calves. J. Anim. Sci. 70:2581-2589. 
4 99 Gibb, D. J., T. J. Klopfenstein, R. A. Britton, and A. J. Lewis, 1992. Plasma amino acid response to graded levels of escape protein. J. Anim. Sci. 70:2885-2892. 
4 100 Chung, T. K., and D. H. Baker, 1992. Methionine requirement of pigs between 5 and 20 kilograms body weight. J. Anim. Sci. 70:1857-1863. 
5 101 Sangali, S., and A. Brandelli, 2000. Feather keratin hydrolysis by a Vibrio sp. strain kr2. J. Appl. Microbiol. 89:735-743. 
5 102 Litherland, A. J., T. Sahlu, C. A. Toerien, R. Puchala, K. Tesfai, and A. L. Goetsch, 2000. Effects of dietary protein sources on mohair growth and body weight of yearling Angora doelings. Small Ruminant Research 38:29-35. 
5 103 Grant, R. J., and S. G. Haddad, 1998. Effect of mixture of feather and blood meals on lactational performance of dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 81:1358-1363. 
5 104 England, M. L., G. A. Broderick, R. D. Shaver, and F. K. Combs, 1997. Comparison of in situ and in vitro techniques for measuring ruminal degradation of animal by-product proteins. J. Dairy Sci. 80:2925-2931. 
5 105 Goetsch, A. L., A. R. Patil, Z. S. Wang, K. K. Park, D. L. Galloway, S.r, J. E. Rossi, and B. Kouakou, 1997. Net flux of nutrients across splanchnic tissues in wethers consuming bermudagrass or ryegrass - wheat hay supplemented with rumen undegradable protein. Small Ruminant Research 25:119-128. 
5 106 Polan, C. E. G. Cozzi, P. Berzaghi, and I. Andrighetto, 1997. A blend of animal and cereal protein or fish meal as partial replacement for soybean meal in the diets of lactating Holstein cows. J. Dairy Sci. 80:160-166. 
5 107 Grummer, R. R., K. Slark, S. J. Bertics, M. L. Luck, and J. A. Barmore, 1996. Soybeans versus animal sources of rumen-undegradable protein and fat for early lactation dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 79:1809-1816. 
5 108 Bunting, L. D., F. M. Fernandez, R. J. Fornea, T. W. White, M. A. Froetschel, J. D. Stone, and K. Ingawa, 1996. Seasonal effects of supplemental fat or undegradable protein on the growth and metabolism of Holstein calves. J. Dairy Sci. 79:1611-1620. 
5 109 Son, J., R. J. Grant, and L. L. Larson, 1996. Effects of tallow and escape protein on lactational and reproductive performance of dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 79:822-830. 
5 110 Choung, J.-J., and D. G. Chamberlain, 1995. Effects of abomasal infusions of sodium caseinate and of casein hydrolysates varying in the relative proportions of peptides and free amino acids on milk production in diary cows. J. Dairy Res. 62:423-429. 
5 111 Cozzi, G., I. Andrighetto, P. Berzaghi, and D. Andreoli, 1995. Feather and blood meal as partial replacer of soybean meal in protein supplements for sheep. Small Ruminant Res. 15:239-245.
5 112 Cunningham, K. D., M. J. Cecava, and T. R. Johnson, 1994. Flows of nitrogen and amino acids in dairy cows fed diets containing supplemental feather meal and blood meal. J. Dairy Sci. 77:3666-3675. 
5 113 Johnson, T. R., M. J. Cecava, E. B. Sheiss, and K. D. Cunningham, 1994. Addition of ruminally degradable crude protein and branched-chain volatile fatty acids to diets containing hydrolyzed feather meal and blood meal for lactating cows. J. Dairy Sci. 77:3676-3682. 
5 114 Andrighetto, I., and L. Bailoni, 1994. Effect of different animal protein sources on digestive and metabolic parameters and milk production in dairy goats. Small Ruminant Res. 13:127-132.
5 115 Palmquist, D. L., and W. P. Weiss, 1994. Blood and hydrolyzed feather meals as sources of undegradable protein in high fat diets for cows in early lactation. J. Dairy Sci. 77:1630-1643.
5 116 Tomlinson, A. P., H. H. Van Horn, C. J. Wilcox, and B. Harris, Jr., 1994. Effects of undegradable protein and supplemental fat on milk yield and composition and physiological responses of cows. J. Dairy Sci. 77:145-156. 
5 117 Mansfield, H. R., M. D. Stern, and D. E. Otterby, 1994. Effects of beet pulp and animal by-products on milk yield and in vitro fermentation by rumen microorganisms. J. Dairy Sci. 77:205-216. 
5 118 Palmquist, M. R. Weisbjerg, and T. Hvelplund, 1993. Ruminal, intestinal, and total digestibilities of nutrients in cows fed diets high in fat and undegradable protein. J. Dairy Sci. 76:1353-1364. 
5 119 Harris, B., Jr., D. E. Dorminey, W. A. Smith, H. H. Van Horn, and C. J. Wilcox, 1992. Effects of feather meal at two protein concentrations and yeast culture on production parameters in lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 75:3524-3530. 
6 120 Kim, C.-H., T.-G. Kim, J.-J. Choung, and D. G. Chamberlain, 2001. Effects of intravenous infusion of amino acids and glucose on the yield and concentration of milk protein in dairy cows. J. Dairy Res. 68:27-34. 
6 121 Chong, C., 2000. Response of little-leaf linden and honey locust to rates of organic and mineral nitrogen. HortScience 35:144. 
6 122 Savory, C. J., J. S. Mann, and M. G. MacLeod, 1999. Incidence of pecking damage in growing bantams in relation to food form, group size, stocking density, dietary tryptophan concentration and dietary protein source. British Poultry Sci. 40:579-584. 
6 123 Hussein, E.O.S., and H. A. Al-Batshan, 1999. Performance and carcass composition of broilers under heat stress: II. The effects of dietary lysine. Asian-Aus. J. Anim. Sci. 12:923-931.
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11 260 Bouzovaia, M., and J. Rekhis, 1994. Trials of meals from animal origin in broilers in Tunisia. Revue Méd. Vét. 145:581-585. 
11 261 Ristif, M., M. Lazor, S. Kormanjos, S. Filipovif, and D. Manojlovif, 1993. The possibility for fish meal substitution in piglet feeding. Acta Veterinaria (Beograd) 43:225-232. 
11 262 Jankowski, J., Z. Zdu½czyk, J. JuÑkiewicz, A, Koncicki, A. Falkowska, and A. Faruga, 2000. The response of turkeys to diets containing fat differing in degree of oxidation. J. Anim. Feed Sci. 9:363-370. 
11 263 Harms, R. H., and G. B. Russell, 1997. Broiler breeders do not respond to added corn oil or poultry fat. J. Appl. Anim. Res. 11:157-162. 
11 264 Belewu, M. A., H. A. Akinladenu, 1998. A note on the apparent digestibility of rice husk and hatchery by-product meal based diets fed to West African dwarf goats. J. Appl. Anim. Res. 13:197-200. 
11 265 Tucak, V. Z., and T. Klaic, 1997. The influence of feeding feather meal to young pheasants on the growth and the growth of their feathers. Z. Jagdwiss 43:65-69. 
11 266 Takagi, S., H. Hosokawa, S. Shimeno, and M. Ukawa, 2000. Utilization of poultry by-product meal in a diet for red sea bream Pagrus major. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi 66:428-438.
11 267 Niemann, H., 1996. Straight feedingstuff "animal fat" as natural compoents in feedrations. FettLipid 98:250-253. 
11 268 Ristic, M., S. Kormanjos and R. Curcic, 1992. An investigation of the effects of duration of thermal hydrolysis on the nutritive components of hydrolyzed feather meal important for animal feeding. Acta Veterinaria (Beograd) 42:65-72. 
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12 271 Gallagher, M. L., 1991. The use of blood meal and poultry products as partial replacements for fish meal in diets for juvenile palmetto bass. J. Appl. Aquaculture 5:57-65. 
12 272 Coello, N., L. Vidal, and A. Bretana, 2000. Isolation of a poultry-degrading Kocuria rosea strain. Revista Cientifica, Revista Cientifica 10:107-113. 
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12 274 Wheeler, K. B., and J. D. Latshaw, 1980. Evaluation of the sulfur amino acid and lanthionine content of feather meal. Poultry Sci. 59:1672. 
12 275 Christmas, R. B., B. L. Damron, and M. D. Ouart, 1996. The performance of commercial broilers when fed various levels of rendered whole-hen meal. Poultry Sci. 75:536-539.
12 276 Dale, N., B. Fancher, M. Zumbado, and A. Villacres, 1993. Metabolizable energy content of poultry offal meal. Appl. Poultry Res. 2:40-42. 
12 277 Dalev, P., I. Ivanov, and A. Liubomirova, 1997. Enzymic modification of feather keratin hydrolysates with lysine aimed at increasing the biological value. J. Sci. Fd. Agric. 73:242-244. 
12 278 Douglas, M. W., M. L. Johnson, and C. M. Parsons, 1997. Evaluation of protein and energy quality of rendered spent hen meals. Poultry Sci. 76:1387-1391. 
12 279 El Boushy, A. R., A.F.B. van der Poel, and O.E.D. Walraven, 1990. Feather meal - a biological waste: Its processing and utilization as a feedstuff for poultry. Biological Wastes 32:39-74.
12 280 El-Sayed, A.-F. M., 1994. Evaluation of soybean meal, spirulina meal and chicken offal meal as protein sources for silver seabream (Rhabdosargus sarba) fingerlings. Aquaculture 127:169-176. 
12 281 Escalona P., R. R., G. M. Pesti, and P. D. Vaughters, 1986. Nutritive value of poultry by-product meal. 2. Comparisons of methods of determining protein quality. Poultry Sci. 65:2268-2280.
12 282 Froning, G. W, and D. Bergquist, 1990. Research note: Utilization of inedible eggshells and technical egg white using extrusion technology. Poultry Sci. 69:2051-2053. 
12 283 Hamm, D., and W. K. Whitehead, 1982. Holding techniques for hatchery wastes. Poultry Sci. 61:1025-1028. 
12 284 Hamm, D., 1976. Use of spent laying hens in rendered products. Poultry Sci. 55:399-402.
12 285 Haque, A.K.M.A., J. J. Lyons, and J. M. Vandepopuliere, 1991. Extrusion processing of broiler starter diets containing ground whole hens, poultry by-product meal, feather meal, or ground feathers. Poultry Sci. 70:234-240. 
12 286 Ilian, M. A., and A. J. Salman, 1986. Feeding processed hatchery wastes to poultry. Agric. Wastes 15:179-186. 
12 287 Lyons, J. J., and J. M. Vandepopuliere, 1996. Spent leghorn hens converted into a feedstuff. J. Appl. Poultry res. 5:18-25. 
12 288 Mantysaari, P. E., C. J. Sniffen, T. V. Muscato, and M. L. Thonney, 1989. Performance of growing dairy heifers fed diets containing soybean meal or animal by-product meals. J. Dairy Sci. 72:2107-2114. 
12 289 McNaughton, J. L., H. A. Pasha, E. J. Day, and B. C. Dilworth, 1977. Effect of pressure and temperature on poultry offal meal quality. Poultry Sci. 56:1161-1167. 
12 290 Wilcke, H. L., 1940. Egg shells are good poultry feed. U. S. Egg and Poultry Magazine 46(10):617-618. 
12 291 Morris, W. C., and S. L. Balloun, 1973. Effect of processing methods on utilization of feather meal by broiler chicks. Poultry Sci. 52:858-866. 
12 292 Murphy, D. W., and T. S. Handwerker, 1988. Preliminary investigations of composting as a method of dead bird disposal. pp. 65-72 in: Proceedings of the 1988 Nat'l. Poultry Waste Management Symposium, Columbus, OH. 
12 293 Wilder, O. H. M., 1972. Effects of processing on the quality of animal by-products with special reference to feather meal. Proceedings of the Maryland Nutrition Conference March 16-17:83-86. 
12 294 Papadopoulos, M. C., 1985. Processed chicken feathers as feedstuff for poultry and swine. A review. Agric. Wastes 14:275-290. 
12 295 Papadopoulos, M. C., 1987. In vitro and in vivo estimation of protein quality of laboratory treated feather meal. Biological Wastes 21:143-148. 
12 296 Papadopoulos, M. C., A. R. El-Boushy, and A. E. Roodbeen, 1985. The effect of varying autoclaving conditions and added sodium hydroxide on amino acid content and nitrogen characteristics of feather meal. J. Sci. Food Agric. 36:1219-1226. 
12 297 Papadopoulos, M. C., 1986. The effect of enzymatic treatment on amino acid content and nitrogen characteristics of feather meal. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 16:151-156. 
12 298 Parsons, C. M., F. Castanon, and Y. Han, 1997. Protein and amino acid quality of meat and bone meal. Poultry Sci. 76:361-368. 
12 299 Patterson, P. H., N. Acar, and W. C. Coleman, 1994. Feeding value of poultry by-products extruded with cassava, barley, and wheat middlings for broiler chicks: The effect of ensiling poultry by-products as a preservation method prior to extrusion. Poultry Sci. 73:1107-1115.
13 300 Sander, J. E., T. Cai, and H. M. Barnhardt, Jr., 1995. Evaluation of amino acids, fatty acids, protein, fat, and ash in poultry carcasses fermented with Lactobacillus bacteria. J. Agric. Food Chem. 43:791-794. 
13 301 Summers, J. D., S. L. Slinger, and G. C. Ashton, 1965. Evaluation of meat meal and feather meal for the growing chicken. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 45:63-70. 
13 302 Vandepopuliere, J. M., 1976. Convert hatchery wastes into feedstuffs. Poultry Digest, June. 35: 247-248. 
13 303 Andrews, R. J., and D. Lewis, 1970. The utilization of dietary fats by ruminants. I. The digestibility of some commercially available fats. J. Agric. Sci. 75:47-53. 
13 304 Andrews, R. J., and D. Lewis, 1970. The utilization of dietary fats by ruminants. II. The effect of fatty acid chain length and unsaturation on digestibility. J. Agric. Sci. 75:55-60. 
13 305 Anonymous, 1995. Alternatives for leghorn hen disposition: Rendering at the farm. World Poultry-Misset 11:77-79. 
13 306 Batterham, E. S., R. E. Darnell, L. S. Herbert, and E. J. Major, 1986. Effect of pressure and temperature on the availability of lysine in meat and bone meal as determined by slope-ratio assays with growing pigs, rats and chicks and by chemical techniques. Br. J. Nutr. 55:441-453.
13 307 Cai, T., O. C. Pancorbo, W. C. Merka, J. E. Sander, and H. M. Barnhart, 1994. Stabilization of poultry processing by-products and waste and poultry carcasses through lactic acid fermentation. J. Appl. Poultry Res. 3:17-25. 
13 308 Cecava, M. J., and D. L. Hancock, 1994. Effects of anabolic steroids on nitrogen metabolism and growth of steers fed corn silage and corn-based diets supplemented with urea or combinations of soybean meal and feathermeal. J. Anim. Sci. 75:515-522. 
13 309 Corbin, J. E., 1992. Inedible meat, poultry and fish by-products in pet foods. I. Importance of inedible meat by-products in pet foods. In: A. M. Pearson and T. R. Dutson (eds.) Inedible meat by-products: Advances in meat research.. Vol. 8, pp. 329-347. Elsevier Applied Science, London. 
13 310 Webster, C. D., L. G. Tiu, and J. H. Tidwell, 1997. Effects of replacing fish meal in diets on growth and body composition of palmetto bass (Morone saxatilis x M. chrysops) raised in cages. J. App. Aqua. 7(1):53-67. 
13 311 Draper, C. I., 1944. The nutritive value of corn oil meal and feather protein. Iowa Agr. Exp. Sta. Res. Bul. 326, Iowa State College, Ames, IA. 
13 312 Huston, J. E., and M. Shelton, 1971. An evaluation of various protein concentrates for growing finishing lambs. J. Anim. Sci. 32(2):334-338. 
13 313 Jordan, R. M., and P. S. Jordan, 1955. Comparative value of feather meal and soybean meal as a protein supplement for fattening lambs. J. Anim. Sci. 14:1211-1212. 
13 314 Kim, S. M., M. Winegardner, and W. A. Dudley, 1980. Available sulfur amino acid content of commercial feather meals. Poultry Sci. 59:1627-1628. 
13 315 Kondaiah, N., and B. Panda, 1992. Processing and utilization of spent hens. World's Poultry Science Journal 48:255-268. 
13 316 McCasland, W. E., and L. R. Richardson, 1966. Methods for determining the nutritive value of feather meals. Poultry Sci. 45:1231-1236. 
13 317 Moran, E. T., Jr., J. D. Summers, and S. J. Slinger, 1966. Keratin as a source of protein for the growing chick. 1. Amino acid imbalance as the cause for inferior performance of feather meal and implication of disulfide bonding in raw feathers as the reason for poor digestibility. Poultry Sci. 45:1257-1266. 
13 318 Moss, B.R., J. C. Lin, J. R. Steenstra, and R. C. Smith, 1995. Effect of feather meal and blood meal supplementation on performance of dairy cattle. Prof. Anim. Sci. 11:88-94.
13 319 Muirhead, S., 1987. Feather mealurea: a substitute for soybean meal in cattle diets. Feedstuffs, December 28, 1987:11. 
13 320 Wessels, J. P.H., 1972. A study of the protein quality of different feather meals. Poultry Sci. 51:537-541. 
13 321 Engel, J. J., J. W. Smith, II, J. A. Unruh, R. D. Goodband, P. R. O'Quinn, M. D. Tokach, and J. L. Nelssen, 2001. Effects of choice white grease or poultry fat on growth performance, carcass leanness, and meat quality characteristics of growing-finishing pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 79:1491-1501. 
13 322 Hardy, R. W., 1999. Aquaculture's rapid growth requirements for alternate protein sources. Feed Management 50(1):25-28. 
13 323 Bachmann, W., 1995. Homemade protein: recycling poultry into feed. Feed Management 46(1):27-30. 
13 324 Burgos, A., J. I. Floyd, and E. L. Stephenson, 1974. The amino acid content and availability of different samples of poultry by-product meal, and feather meal. Poultry Sci. 53:198-203.
13 325 Doty, D. M., 1969. Nutritional constituents in animal and poultry by-product meals. Feedstuffs March 15, 1969:24. 
13 326 Kirkland, W., and H. L. Fuller, 1969. Effect on the nutritional value of poultry by-product meal of adding an antioxidant during processing. Feedstuffs March 15, 1969:38-40. 
13 327 Barrick, E. R., 1969. Use of meat and bone meal and feather meal for ruminants. Feedstuffs March 15, 1969:41-42. 
13 328 Davis, J. G., E. P. Mecchi, and H. Lineweaver, 1961. Processing of poultry byproducts and their utilization in feeds. Part I. Processing of poultry by-products. Utilization Research Report No. 3:1-21. USDA Washington, D.C. 
13 328 Naber, E. C., 1961. Processing of poultry by-products and their utilization in feeds. Part II. Utilization of poultry by-products in feeds. Utilization Research Report No. 3:22-33. U.S.D.A. Washington, D.C. 
13 329 Association American Feed Control Officials, 1973. Chapter 9. Animal Products, p. 71-72. 
13 330 Schor, R., and S. Krimm, 1961. Studies on the structure of feather keratin. II. A $-helix model for the structure of feather keratin. Biophysical Journal 1:489-515. 
13 331 Schroeder, W. A., and L. M. Key, 1955. The amino acid composition of certain morphologically distinct parts of white turkey feathers, and goose feather barbs and goose down. J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 77:3901-3908. 
13 332 Sibbald, I. R., and J. K. G. Kramer, 1977. The true metabolizable energy values of fats and fat mixtures. Poultry Sci. 56:2079-2086. 
13 333 Smith, R. E., 1968. Assessment of the availability of amino acids in fish meal, soybean meal and feather meal by chick growth assay. Poultry Sci. 47:1624-1630. 
14 334 Acker, R. F., P. A. Hartman, J. R. Pemberton, and L. Y. Quinn, 1959. The nutritional potential of poultry offal. Poultry Sci. 38:706-711. 
14 335 Arvat, V., and S. W. Hinners, 1973. Evaluation of egg shells as a low cost calcium source for laying hens. Poultry Sci. 52:1996. 
14 336 Balloun, S. L., and J. K. Khajarern, 1974. The effects of whey and yeast on digestibility of nutrients in feather meal. Poultry Sci. 53:1084-1095. 
14 337 Bellaver, C., C. Parsons, and R. A. Easter, 1998. Estimates of true amino acid digestibilities in feed ingredients using precision-fed, cecectomized roosters. Pesq. agropec. bras. 33(5):731-736. 
14 338 Binkley, C. H., and O. R. Vasak, 1951. A friable meal produced from feathers. Amer. Egg Poultry Rev. 12:68-72. 
14 339 Cabel, M. C., T. L. Goodwin, and P. W. Waldroup, 1987. Reduction in abdominal fat content of broiler chickens by the addition of feather meal to finisher diets. Poultry Sci. 66:1644-1651. 
14 340 Cullen, M. P., O. G. Rasmussen, and O.H.M. Wilder, 1962. Metabolizable energy value and utilization of different types and grades of fat by the chick. Poultry Sci. 41:360-367.
14 341 Dalev, P., 1990. An enzyme-alkaline hydrolysis of feather keratin for obtaining a protein concentrate for fodder. Biotechnol. Ltrs. 12(1):71-72. 
14 342 Davies, J., 1989. Low cost extrusion solves wet waste problems. Poultry-Misset 5(5):27-29. 
14 343 Eggum, B. O., 1970. Evaluation of protein quality of feather meal under different treatments. Acta Agriculturae Scanndinavica 20:230-234. 
14 344 El Boushy, A. R., and A. E. Roodbeen, 1984. Amino acid availability in dry poultry waste in comparison with relevant feedstuffs. Poultry Sci. 63:583-585. 
14 345 El Boushy, A. R., 1986. Local processing industries offer food and beneficial byproducts to developing countries. Feedstuffs, January, p. 36-37. 
14 346 El Boushy, A. R., and F.W.A. Vink, 1977. The value of dried poultry waste as a feedstuff in broiler diets. Feedstuffs, December, p. 24-26. 
14 347 Elmayergi, H., H., and R. E. Smith, 1971. Influence of growth of Streptomyces fradiae on pepsin-HCl digestibility and methionine content of feather meal. Can. J. Microbiol. 17:1067-1072. 
14 348 Fagbrenro, O. A., 1994. Dried fermented fish silage in diets for Oreochromis niloticus. Israeli J. Aquaculture-Bamidgeh 46(3):140-147. 
14 349 Fowler, L. G., 1982. Tests with poultry by-product meal in fall chinook salmon diets. Abernathy Salmon Cultural Development Center, Technology Transfer Series No. 82-1:1-13. 
14 350 Gerry, R. W., 1956. The use of poultry by-products in poultry rations. Poultry Sci. 35(5):1144. 
14 351 Gregory, B. R., O.H.M. Wilder, and P. C. Ostby, 1956. Studies on the amino acid and vitamin composition of feather meal. Poultry Sci. 35:234-235. 
14 352 Griffiths, L., S. Leeson, and J. D. Summers, 1977. Fat deposition in broilers: Effect of dietary energy to protein balance, and early life caloric restriction on productive performance and abdominal fat pad size. Poultry Sci. 56:638-646. 
14 353 Hamm, D., R. E. Childs, and A. J. Mercuri, 1973. Management and utilization of poultry processing wastes, in Symposium: Processing Agricultural and Municipal Wastes, (Ed. G. E. Inglett), AVI Publishing Company, Inc., Westport, Ct, pp. 101-118. 
14 354 Hamm, D., 1974. Storage and utilization of waste egg meats from egg grading plants. Poultry Sci. 53:1548-1554. 
14 355 Harms, R. H., and O. E. Goff, 1957. Feather meal in hen nutrition. Poultry Sci. 36:358-361. 
14 356 Kennett, W. S. and L. S. Bull, 1972. The use of feather meal in ruminant diets. Proceedings of the Maryland Nutrition Conference March 16-17:89-92. 
14 357 Kessler, J. W., and O. P. Thomas, 1981. The effect of cecectomy and extension of the collection period on the true metabolizable energy values of soybean meal, feather meal, fish meal, and blood meal. Poultry Sci. 60:2639-2647. 
14 358 Kundu, S., S. Biswas, and T. K. Ghosh, 1986. Feeding value of hatchery by-product meal in broiler ration. Indian J. Poul. Sci. 21:347-350. 
14 359 Lessire, M., and B. Leclercq, 1982. Metabolizable energy value of fats in chicks and adult cockerels. Animal Feed Science and Technology 7:365-374. 
14 360 Luong, V. B., and C. G. Payne, 1977. Hydrolysed feather protein as a source of amino acids for laying hens. Br. Poult. Sci. 18:523-526. 
14 361 MacAlpine, R., and C. G. Payne, 1977. Hydrolysed feather protein as a source of amino acids for broilers. Br. Poult. Sci. 18:265-273. 
14 362 McKerns, K. W., and E. Ritersporn, 1958. The nutritional significance of processed keratin in poultry feeding. Poultry Sci. 37:433-436.
14 363 Noval, J. J., and W. J. Nickerson, 1959. Decomposition of native keratin by Streptomyces fradiae. J. Bacteriol. 77:251-263. 
14 364 Potter, L. M., and J. R. Shelton, 1978. Evaluation of corn fermentation solubles, menhaden fish meal, methionine, and hydrolyzed feather meal in diets of young turkeys. Poultry Sci. 57:1586-1593. 
14 365 Potter, L. M., and J. R. Shelton, 1978. Evaluation of hydrolyzed feather meal and zinc bacitracin supplements of various purities in diets of young turkeys. Poultry Sci. 57:947-953. 
14 366 Rathmacher, J. A., and T. W. Perry, 1991. Effect of combinations of feather meal, corn gluten meal, soybean meal, and urea as sources of supplemental protein on nitrogen balance and characteristics of rumen contents of cattle. Prof. Anim. Sci. 7:25-30. 
14 367 Romoser, G. L., 1955. Studies on feather meal, poultry by-products meal and methionine in broiler rations. Proceedings of the Maryland Nutrition Conference, March 17-18: 41-46. 
14 368 Romoser, G. L., 1955. Maryland Research - Studies with chicks and poults involving dienestrol diacetate, furazoladone, arsanilic acid, coccidiostats, antibiotics, and poultry by-products. Proceedings of the Maryland Nutrition Conference, March 17-18:39-49. 
14 369 Combs, G. E., W. L. Alsmeyer, and H. D. Wallace, 1958. Feather meal as a source of protein for growing-finishing swine. J. Anim. Sci. 17:468-472. 
14 370 Newell, G. W., and C. S. Shaffner, 1950. Blood loss by chickens during killing. Poultry Sci. 29:271-275. 
14 371 Seerley, R.W., J. P. Briscoe, and H. C. McCampbell, 1978. A comparison of poultry and animal fat on performance, body composition, and tissue lipids of swine. J. Anim. Sci. 46:1018-1023. 
14 372 Young, R. J., 1961. The energy value of fats and fatty acids for chicks. Poultry Sci. 40:1225-1233. 
14 373 Sheppard, C. C. (Ed.), 1970. Poultry pollution: problems and solutions. Michigan State University, East Lansing, Research Report, 117:21-28. 
14 374 Dhar, S.C., and s. Sreenivasulu, 1984. Studies on the use of dehairing enzyme for its suitability in the preparation of improved animal feed. Leather Sci. 31:261-267.
14 375 Fielmich, E., 1987. Rendering: The neglected industry. Poultry International, Dec. 1987:44-52 
14 376 Fowler, L. G., 1981. Effect of lipid and amino acid supplementation in chinook salmon diets containing poultry by-product meal. Abernathy Salmon Cultural Development Center, Technology Transfer Series No. 81-3:1-12.
14 377 Dale, N., 1992. True metabolizable energy of feather meal. J. Appl. Poultry Res. 1(3):331-334.
10 4002 Palmquist, D. L., and W. P. Weiss, 1992. Utilizing feather and blood meal combinations to meet the undegradable protein requirements in cows fed high fat diets in early lactation, in: Poultry Protein & Fat Council research. Ohio Agricultural Research & Development Center, Ohio State University. 
10 4005 Klopfenstein, T., 1990. Enhancing feed industry use of feather meal in calf supplements, in: Poultry Protein & Fat Council research. Anim. Sci. Dept., University of Nebraska-Lincoln.
10 4006 Harvey, R. W., and J. W. Spears, 1990. Combining feather meal and broiler litter as sources of nitrogen for growing cattle, in: Poultry Protein & Fat Council research. Dept. Animal Sci., NC State University. 
10 4008 Moss, B. R., 1992. Evaluation of the palatability and nutritional value of feather meal for dairy cattle, in: Poultry Protein & Fat Council research. Animal & Dairy Sci. Dept., Auburn University. 
10 4009 Thomas, V. M., 1991. Influence of feather meal on ruminal fiber fermentation, protein utilization and wool growth in sheep, in: Poultry Protein & Fat Council research. Animal Range Sci. Dept., Montana State University. 
10 4011 Stock, R., T. Klopfenstein, and M. Sindt, 1991. Optimal use of feather meal in calf finishing diets, in: Poultry Protein & Fat Council research. Animal Sci. Dept., University of Nebraska.
10 4012 Herbein, J. H., Jr., and K. E. Webb, Jr., 1992. Feeding value of hydrolyzed feather meal for lactating dairy cattle, in: Poultry Protein & Fat Council research. Depts. Dairy & Anim. Sci., Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University. 
10 4014 Blake, J. P., D. E. Conner, and J. O. Donald, 1992. Fermentation of poultry carcasses prior to rendering, in: Poultry Protein & Fat Council research. Dept. Poultry Sci., Auburn University.
10 4015 Johnson, T. R., and M. J. Cecava, 1993. Improving the utilization of hydrolyzed poultry feather meal and blood meal by lactating dairy cows by increasing dietary level of degradable crude protein and branch chain volatile fatty acids, in: Poultry Protein & Fat Council research. Dept. Animal Sci., Purdue University. 
10 4016 Stock, R., and T. Klopfenstein, 1993. Use of feather meal to reduce health problems and receiving costs for calves placed directly on high grain diets, in: Poultry Protein & Fat Council research. University of Nebraska-Lincoln. 
10 4018 Klopfenstein, T., 1994. Rendered chicken bones as a bypass protein with feather meal, in: Poultry Protein & Fat Council research. Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln.
10 4019 Pate, F. M., and W. F. Brown, 1994. Improving the value of hydrolyzed feather meal as a protein source in a molasses-based liquid supplement fed to cattle, in: Poultry Protein & Fat Council research. Range Cattle Research & Education Center, University of Florida. 
10 4020 Cecava, M. J., and T. R. Johnson, 1993. Intestinal supply of nitrogen and amino acids in lactating cows fed hydrolyzed poultry feathermeal and blood meal, in: Poultry Protein & Fat Council research. Dept. Animal Sciences, Purdue University. 
10 4021 Johnson, T. R., M. J. Cecava, A. Clapper, 1998. Optimizing metabolizable amino acid supply for milk production by lactating cows fed hydrolyzed poultry feathermeal and bloodmeal, in: Poultry Protein & Fat Council research. Dept. Animal Sci., Purdue University. 
10 4022 Stock, R., T. Klopfenstein, and R. McCoy, 1996. Use of a feather mealblood meal cobination to improve performance and health of calves during receiving, grain adaptation and finishing, in: Poultry Protein & Fat Council research. Dept. Animal Sci., University of Nebraska, Lincoln.
10 4023 Lundquist, R., 1996. Effect of feather meal as a partial substitute for blood meal and fish meal on milk production in a commercial dairy, in: Poultry Protein & Fat Council research. Dairy & Poultry Sci. Dept., Univ. Florida. 
10 4024 Johnson, P. E., 1996. Feeding trial on the comparison of milk production in dairy cattle when using feather meal and meat bone meal protein blend versus meat meal bone and blood meal protein blend, in: Poultry Protein & Fat Council research. Dairy & Poultry Sci. Dept., Univ. Florida. 
10 4025 Klopfenstein, T., and D. J. Jordan, 1997. Best cost use of feather meal in practical forage feeding programs, in: Poultry Protein & Fat Council research. University of Nebraska-Lincoln.
10 4026 Grant, R. J., 1996. Blood and feather meal combinations for lactating dairy cows, in: Poultry Protein & Fat Council research. University of Nebraska-Lincoln. 
10 4027 Grummer, R. R., and S. Pruekvimolphan, 1997. Can sulfur amino acids of feather meal improve lactation performance of dairy cattle fed methionine limiting diets, in: Poultry Protein & Fat Council research. University of Wisconsin-Madison. 
10 4030 Southern, L. L., F. M. LeMieux, J. O. Matthews, and T. A. Knowles, 1997. Effect of feather meal as a source of valine in lactating sow diets, in: Poultry Protein & Fat Council research. Dept. Animal Sci., Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge. 
10 4032 Petersen, M. K., D. E. Hawkins, and L. A. Appeddu, 1997. Postpartum reproductive responses of two year old beef cows supplemented with feathermeal and fat, in: Poultry Protein & Fat Council research. Animal and Ranges Sciences, New Mexico State University. 
10 4033 Engel, J. J., J. W. Smith, II, R. D. Goodband, M. D. Tokach, and J. Unruh, 1997. The influence of poultry fat and choice white grease on finishing pig growth performance and pork quality, in: Poultry Protein & Fat Council research. Dept. Animal Sci. & Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan. 
10 4034 Klopfenstein, T., 1999. Blood meal and feather meal in combinations, in: Poultry Protein & Fat Council research. University of Nebraska-Lincoln. 
10 4034 Klopfenstein, T., 1999. Blood meal-feather meal combinations for growing cattle, in: Poultry Protein & Fat Council research. University of Nebraska-Lincoln. 
10 4034 Klopfenstein, T., 1999. Feather meal supplying sulfur amino acids , in: Poultry Protein & Fat Council research. Animal Sci., University of Nebraska. 
10 4035 Lundquist, R., J. Burke and C. Staples, 2000. Feather meal in dairy rations: Effect of replacing plant protein with feather meal in a commercial Texas dairy, in: Poultry Protein & Fat Council research. University of Florida. 
10 4037 Adams, D., T. Klopfenstein, and B. Teichert, 2000. Feather meal in grazing systems for gestating beef heifers, in: Poultry Protein & Fat Council research. University of Nebraska. 
10 5001 Marketing Contacts Poultry Protein & Fat Council
10 5002 Production and Evaluation of Quality Feather Meal in the Stord Bartz Feathrolizer
10 5003 Retrum, Rowland, Variability in the nutritional value of feather meals
10 5004 Goedeken, F., T. Klopfenstein, R. Stock, and R. Britton, Hydrolyzed feather meal as a protein source for growing ruminants, in: Poultry Protein & Fat Council research. 
10 5005 Goedeken, F., T. Klopfenstein, M. Sindt, R. Stock, and B. Britton, Feather meal and blood meal, in: Poultry Protein & Fat Council research. 
10 5006 Goedeken, F., T. Klopfenstein, R. Stock, Liquid suspensions of bypass proteins, in: Poultry Protein & Fat Council research. 
10 5007 Degussa Corporation, 1990. Blood meal - an interesting source of amino acids for dairy cows. Literature Digest for the Feedstuffs Industry, in: Poultry Protein & Fat Council research. Allendale, NJ.